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2018中考英语要点:介词、连词综合复习

来源:www.qqltoy.com 2025-02-07

英语

新一轮中考复习备考周期正式开始,中考网为各位初中三年级考生整理了各学科的复习攻略,主要包含中考必考试知识点、中考常考要点、各科复习办法、考试答卷方法等内容,帮助各位考生梳理常识脉络,理清做题思路,期望各位考生可以在考试中获得优秀成绩!下面是《2018中考英语要点:介词、连词综合复习》,仅供参考!

介词、连词综合复习考试知识点常识精讲介词 介词的分类 介词短语 介词的功能时间介词 介词+名词 定语、状语表语、宾语地址介词 动词+介词方法介词 be+形容词+介词连词 并列连词 从属连词联合关系:and, not onlybut also, neithernor 等 引导宾语从句that, if, whether 等转折关系:but, however等 引导主语从句that, what, whether 等因果关系:so, for 等 引导表语从句that, whether 等选择关系:or, eitheror 等 引导状语从句since, though, where等考试知识点一 介词1.表时间时,at强调点,in强调段,on强调日和某日的早、中、晚。I got there at eight this morning.今天早上我八点到那。Beijing held the Olympic Games in 2008.北京2008年举办了奥运会。The twin sisters were born on a Friday evening.这对双胞胎姐妹在一个星期五的晚上出生。2.表示在一段时间之后时,in+时间段用于以后时,after+时间段用于过去时。My friend will be back from Beijing in two days.我的朋友将在两天后从北京回来。We finished the work after three months.大家在三个月后完成了工作。3.表示延续的一段时间时,可用for+时间段或since+过去的时间点,常与含延续动词的完成时连用。How long have you been in this city?你在这座城市待了多长时间了?For ten years. 十年。Mr Smith has lived here since 1998.史密斯先生自从1998年就住在这。4.表示直到或直到才时,用until(till)+时间点。注:till多用于口语,且不可以放在句首。She wont be back until(till) July.她到7月份才回来。5.during+时间段表示在期间;by+时间点表示到为止,在之前,常用于以后时和完成时中。They taught there during 2005~2008.他们在2005年至2008年期间在那教书。The teacher had already started teaching by the time she got to class.当她到班级的时候老师已经开始讲课了。6.表地址时,in表示范围较大的地方,强调空间;at表示在范围较小的地方,强调点。I live in China. 我居住在中国。We often wait for the bus at the bus sTOP.大家一般在公共汽车站等车。7.表地方时,in表示在内,on表示在上(接触表面),on还可以表示在两边在左/右侧。They are putting up a picture on the wall.他们正在往墙上张贴画。The girl on the right is a famous actress.右侧的女生是一个著名的演员。8.over表示在与某物不接触的正上方,under与其相对,表示正下方。The sky is over our heads. 天空在大家头顶上。The cat is under the table. 那只猫在桌子底下。9.above表示在的上方,高于;below与其相对,表示在的下面,低于。The temperature will stay above zero in the day time,but at night it will fall below zero again.白天气温将维持在零度以上,但在晚上又将降到零度以下。10.across+表面表示横过;through+空间表示穿过、贯穿;over表示从上面越过。The Changjiang River is too wide for so young a boy to swim across.长江太宽了,这么小的孩子游不过去。The plane flew over the high mountains.飞机飞越了群山。The sunshine got into the room through the glass.阳光透过玻璃进入房间。11.behind表示在的后面,其反义词组in front of表示在的前面,注意与in the front of 有什么区别。We must keep our hands behind our backs.大家需要一直把手放在背后。I was walking down the street when a friend of mine stood in front of me.当一个朋友站在我面前时,我正沿着街道散步。12.at/in the front of 表示在里面的前部,at the back of表示在里面的后部,in the middle of 表示在的中部。Xiao Ming sits at/in the front of the classroom.小明坐在教室前面。The twin sisters sit at the back of the classroom.那对双胞胎姐妹坐在教室后面。The teacher is standing in the middle of the classroom.老师在教室中间站着。13.between表示在两者之间,包含两个以上的人或物中任何两者之间;among表示三者或三者以上的人或物中间。When we talk about the universe,we mean the earth, the sun,the moon,the stars and the space between them.大家谈论宇宙时,指的是地球、太阳、月球和星星与它们之间的空间。Some supermarkets open between 8:30 a.m. and 8:00 p.m..一些超市在早上8:30到下午8:00之间营业。Do the students know the differences among the four words?学生们了解这四个单词之间有什么区别吗?14.在与方位名词east,west,south,north连用时,in表示在内部,to表示在外部,on强调接壤。Hunan lies on the south of Hubei.湖南在湖北的南面。Taiwan lies in the east of China. 台湾在中国的东部。China lies to the west of America.中国在美国的西部。15.表示在上时,不是都用on,有时须用in。在树上:in the tree用于指树上的鸟、人等on the tree用于指成长在树上的叶子、果实等在墙上:in the wall 镶嵌在墙内,指窗户、门、钉子等on the wall 在墙的表面之上,指地图、画像等在报纸上:in the newspaper 用于指报纸上的内容on the newspaper 用于指放在报纸上的东西,如眼镜等16.on the/ones way to +名词,on the/ones way +副词 在去的途中by the way 顺便说一下They met each other on their way home/to school.他们在回家(去学校)的路上相遇了。By the way, who lost the money?顺便问一下,哪个丢了钱?17.表用时with+工具、方法,by+交通工具(单数),in+语言、嗓音。As a middle school student, dont write with a pencil.作为一个初中生,不要用铅笔写字。He always goes to school by bus.他一直坐公共汽车去学校。He told us something interesting in Japanese.他用日语告诉了大家一些有趣的事情。18.be made of +从成品上看得出原材料be made from+从成品上看不出原材料be made in+产地 be made by+制造者It is said that this kind of cloth is made of silk and it is made in China.据了解这种布料是由丝绸制成的并且由中国制造。This wine is made from grapes.这酒是葡萄酿的。This machine is made by Uncle Wang.这台机器是王伯伯制造的。19.介词和动词的固定搭配。(1)同一动词和不同介词的搭配:look at (看) look for(找)look after(照顾) look over(检查)look out of (朝外面看)look (a)round(环视)arrive in+大地方(到达)arrive at+小地方(到达)hear of (听说)hear from(收到的来信)spend+钱+on sth.(烧钱做某事)spend+时间+(in) doing sth.(花时间做某事)(2)同一介词和不同动词的搭配:ask for (需要)leave for (动身去)send for (派人去请) pay for (付钱)wait for (等待)agree with sb.(赞同某人)begin with (以开始)help with (在方面帮助)catch up with (赶上)get on/along with (与相处)make friends with (与交朋友)(3)其他的介词和动词的搭配:listen to (听) come from (来自)fall off (从上摔下) try out (试验)knock at/on (敲)prefer...to... (比起来还是好)learn by oneself (自学)take care of (照顾)sTOP...(from)doing (阻止做)help oneself to+食物 (随意吃)get to (到达)thanks to (多亏,因为)20.介词和形容词的容易见到搭配:be good at (在方面好)be weak in (在方面差)be good for (对有好处)be bad for (对有坏处)be late for (迟到)be sorry for (为遗憾,抱歉)be full of (充满)be busy with (忙于)be angry with sb.(对某生活气)be afraid of (害怕)be interested in (对有兴趣)be different from (与不同)be strict with sb.(对某人严格)be strict in sth.(对某事严格)be fond of (喜欢)21.be used for(=be used to do sth.)意为被用来做。介词for表示作用与功效,后接名词或动词ing形式。be used by 意为被用,介词by后面接动作的实行者。be used as 意为被用作,介词as表示作为,be used to doing sth.意为习惯于做,to是介词。The stamp is used for sending letters.邮票是用来邮信的。English is widely used by travellers and business people all over the world.英语被全世界的旅游者和商人广泛用。English is used as the second language in many countries.英语在很多国家被当做第二语言用。I am used to getting up early every morning.我习惯早晨早起。22.介词是一种虚词,不可以单独充当句子成分,但可以与名词、代词或其他词类、短语或从句组成介词短语,在句中作状语、定语、表语和宾语补足语。考试知识点二 连词(一)并列连词并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组或从句。容易见到的并列连词有and,but,or,for,so,both...and...,either...or...,neither...nor,not only...but also...等。1.表示平行或对等关系and和both...and...两者都neither...nor...既不也不not only...but(also)...不但而且when就在这个时候,忽然Hold on to your dream,and one day it may just come true.坚持你的梦想,总有一天它会达成。Yesterday evening I was playing the piano when the doorbell rang.昨天晚上,当门铃响的时候我正在弹钢琴。2.表示转折关系but但yet然而while然而while常用来表示前后鲜明的对比Its a beautiful place,but there were so many people there that I couldnt find a proper place to take photos.它是一个好看的地方,但有太多的人以至于我不可以找到适合的地方拍照。3.表示选择关系or或者;不然or else不然not...but...不是而是either...or...或者或者在并列的否定句中,用or代替and构成完全否定,假如所连接的两部分都有否定词,用and而不需要or连接。When you are learning English,use it,or you will lose it.当你学习英语的时候,要用它,不然你就会丢了它。The shoes dont fit me.Theyre either big or small.这类鞋不合适我,它们不是大就是小。4.表示因果推理关系for由于,此时它引导的从句只能坐落于句尾,前面用逗号隔开。(二)从属连词1.引导名词性从句的主要有that(无词义,可省略),if和whether,whether可与or not连用,它们在句中不作成分,在ask,wonder,not know, want to know,not be sure等后常用whether或if从句,而不需要that从句。The foreigner asked me if I could speak English.那个外国人问我会不会讲英语。2.引导时间状语从句的主要有when,while,as,after,before,until/till,since,as soon as等。I arrived at the airport after the plane had taken off.飞机起飞后我到达了飞机场。3.引导缘由状语从句的主要有because,since,as等。More and more kids become unhappy because they have too many activities to do.愈加多的孩子变得不高兴,由于他们有太多活动要参加。4.引导条件状语从句的主要有if,unless,once等。当从句中需用一般以后时的时候,一直用一般目前时表以后。The sports meeting will continue unless it rains this afternoon.除非下午下雨,不然运动会会继续。5.引导目的状语从句的主要有so that,in order that等。6.引导让步状语从句的主要有even if,even though,(although)though等。but和(although)though不可以同时出目前一个句子中。although 比though更正式。The story is hard to understand though there are no new words in it.尽管里面没生词,这篇短文还是非常难理解。7.引导地址状语从句的主要有where等。8.引导比较状语从句的主要有than,as等, 在as(so)...as中,后一个as是连词,引导比较状语从句。Do you think that art is as interesting as music?你觉得美术和音乐一样有趣吗?9.引导方法状语从句的主要有as,as if,as though等。10.引导结果状语从句的主要有so,so that,so...that...,such...that...等。The mountain was so steep that few people in our city reached the TOP.这座山这样陡峭以至于大家市极少有人能爬到顶峰。(三)易混连词1.when,while,as三者均可译为在时候。when引导的从句,动词既能够是延续性的,也可以是终止性的。通常来讲,当主句的动作正在进行时,when引导的从句的动作才发生;while引导的从句中,动词只能是延续性的,通常来讲,当while引导的从句的动作正在进行时,主句的动作才发生;as表示伴随短暂动作的发生,另一行为随着发生。He was riding to school when he was hit by a car this morning.当他被一辆小汽车撞到的时候他正骑车去上学。Youd better turn off the water while you brush your teeth.当你刷牙的时候你最好关掉水。She sang as she walked. 她一边走一边唱歌。2.so...that...,such...that...so+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数+that从句;so+many/much/few/little+名词+that从句;such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句;such+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数+that从句。Hangzhou is so beautiful a city that lots of visitors come here every year.杭州这样美以至于每年都有很多游客来这里。She is such a good girl that we all like her.她是这样好的一个女生,以至于大家大伙都爱她。There are so many students on the playground.操场上有这样多的学生。

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